Plastic Sliding Friction and Wear Tester

Test results: Represented by the arithmetic mean of the test values of a set of samples, rounded to two significant figures.
This section applies to the testing of the sliding friction coefficient of flexible graphite sheets.
The test report should include the following content: Test machine model; b. Material type and heat treatment process; c. Test force (normal pressure); d. Test speed and number of rotations; e. Lubrication method and type of lubricant; f. Wear scar width of block-shaped samples; g. Mass wear of ring-shaped samples; h. Friction coefficient (if required); i. Room temperature.
Mainly composed of two parts: the test host and the intelligent control system. The test is operated through a microcomputer control system, which can simultaneously display numerical values, torque, and time curves during the test. It allows for setting the number of tests arbitrarily, displaying current test values, setting time, and current test time, among other functions. It is equipped with a color printer that can print test reports with curves, tabular data, and other standard requirements.
Test Method for Sliding Friction and Wear of Flexible Graphite Sheets
This machine features one-time setup, fully automatic operation, automatic shutdown after the test, and detection of wear level.
The test report should include the following content: a. Plastic name, specifications, grade, and manufacturer;
Note: The test equipment recommended by this standard is the M-00 type abrasion tester.
It has a hierarchical management function for test personnel. Displays friction coefficient-time and torque-time curves. The test report can print test parameters, test data, curves, remarks, and other information. It is simple, convenient, and editable.
Scope and Application: This standard specifies the test principles, terms and definitions, test arrangement, test equipment and instruments, test methods, and test result processing for the wear test of metal ring samples against block-shaped samples.
This standard applies to the determination of the sliding friction and wear performance of plastics and plastic-based composite materials. 1. Definition of wear
During the test, the upper rotating shaft remains stationary, while the lower rotating shaft rotates at 200 rpm. The friction pair undergoes sliding friction for 2 hours under a load of 20 kg. Other loads may be selected based on the material. The test environment temperature is 25°C. ● Test steps
Volume wear: The volume lost by the sample after the wear test.
Note: The material of the ring in this test greatly affects the wear test results of plastic materials. Therefore, the ring used in this standard has the dimensions shown in Figure 3.
During the test, the upper rotating shaft remains stationary, while the lower rotating shaft rotates at 200 rpm. The friction pair undergoes sliding friction for 2 hours under a load of 20 kg. Other loads may be selected based on the material. The test environment temperature is 25°C. ● Test steps
?GB/T 12444.2-1990 Metal Wear Test Method Ring-Block Wear Test
Test equipment and instruments: The relative error of the test force indication should not exceed ±1%, and the repeatability relative error should not exceed 1%. The relative error of the friction force indication should not exceed ±3%, and the repeatability relative error should not exceed 3%. 5.3 The radial runout of the main shaft should not exceed 0.01 mm. 5.4 The axial displacement of the main shaft should not exceed 0.01 mm.
The material is No. 45 steel. The ring must be fully quenched, with a heat treatment hardness of HRC 40–45. The outer surface finish is V8, with chamfers of 0.5×45. The concentricity deviation between the outer and inner circles is less than 0.01. x Disk 9:
After the running-in test of standard-sized ring samples and block samples, the difference in width between the two ends of the wear scar should not exceed 10% of the average width of the wear scar.
After 2 hours of friction, stop the machine and remove the load. Take off the sample and ring, clean the sample surface, and measure the wear scar width with a measuring tool with an accuracy of at least 0.02 mm. Alternatively, weigh the sample mass (m;) after storing it in the test environment for 1 hour. Read the friction torque value.
Friction ring dimensions: Ø40×10mm, chamfer 0.5×45°, concentricity deviation between outer and inner circles less than 0.01.
Apply the load smoothly to the selected value.
Rotation speed: 0–500 rpm (adjustable).
The phenomenon that hinders tangential relative movement between the contact surfaces of two objects is called friction. 1.2 Sliding friction
The ratio of the frictional force hindering the relative motion of two objects to the normal force acting on the object surfaces. Wear: The continuous loss of material or residual deformation of the contact surfaces during relative motion of objects. Sample plastic sample dimensions: See Figure 1. Sample requirements.
Test principle: The block sample contacts the ring sample rotating at a specified speed and bears a certain test force. After a specified number of rotations, the volume wear of the block sample is calculated using the wear scar width. The mass wear of the ring sample is determined by the weighing method to evaluate the wear resistance of the test material.
One color laser inkjet printer, one set of computer control software.
Test conditions: During the test, the sample remains stationary, and the friction disk operates at 200 rpm for 1 hour. The test load is 70N. As needed,
Equipped with washers 4GB48-76 and countersunk screws M3×0.35, 10 mm long. Ensure no axial movement after sample installation.
Bond n layers of flexible graphite sheets flatly and firmly with adhesive, trying to eliminate air between the sheets during bonding. The sample thickness is 6 mm, i.e., m×n=6 mm, where t is the thickness of the flexible graphite sheet.
Each group of samples should have at least 3 pieces.
Main configuration: One test host / One high-precision torque sensor / One set of computer control system; / One computer.
Measure and record the friction torque system, accurate within 5%.
Metal surfaces are often covered with oxide films, adsorbed gas films, and other forms of contamination films. Surface deformation and temperature rise during friction promote the formation of surface films. The presence of these surface films affects the friction performance of the friction pair and can cause changes in the friction coefficient.
Accuracy: Speed accuracy: 1%; Load accuracy: 0.5%; Friction torque accuracy: 1%; Counter accuracy: 1s.
Uses high-precision motors, drivers, and sensors with high accuracy.
GB 3960-03 Plastic Sliding Friction and Wear Test Method
Friction when the contact points of two objects have different velocities.
When installing the sample, ensure that the rotation direction of the sample is consistent with the machining direction. Start the test machine, gradually bring the ring sample to the specified speed, and smoothly apply the test force to the specified value. Dry friction can be performed, or appropriate lubricating media can be added to ensure normal testing under specified conditions.
Test results and calculation: The friction coefficient of a single sample is calculated using the formula.
Measure and record the friction torque system, accurate within 5%.
Install the sample into the fixture, align the friction surface with a square, and ensure the intersection line with the ring is in the center of the sample. Load the friction torque recording paper, start the machine, and calibrate the zero point.
The sample surface should be flat, free of bubbles, cracks, delamination, obvious impurities, and processing damage. Each group of samples should have at least 3 pieces.
The parallelism between the main spindle axis and the worktable plane should not exceed 0.02 mm.
Applicable for sliding friction and wear performance testing of plastic products, rubber products, graphite sheets, or other composite materials. It can also measure the friction force, friction coefficient, and wear amount of samples during testing.
Loading system: Applies normal force to the sample and disk, accurate within ±3%.
Load: 196N ± 0.2% (expandable to 392N).
Due to high integration, the equipment itself has excellent stability. This machine features one-time setup, fully automatic operation, automatic shutdown after the test, detection of wear level, and printing of test data via a printer.
b. Sample preparation method, friction surface condition, number of samples tested; c. Environmental temperature, humidity, and conditioning conditions; d. Ring material, hardness, surface finish, and outer diameter size; e. Test load;
If the difference in width between the two ends of the wear scar exceeds 10% of the average width, the test data is invalid. Calculate the volume wear of the block sample using formula (1).
Equipped with washers 4GB48-76 and countersunk screws M3×0.35, 10 mm long. Ensure no axial movement after sample installation.
Complies with standard: GB/T 3960-1983 Plastic Sliding Friction and Wear Test Method.
During the test, if necessary, record the friction force. The cumulative number of test rotations should be determined based on the actual needs of different materials and heat treatment processes.
Friction coefficient: The ratio of the friction force between two objects to the normal force.
Features: Stable system operation, high reliability. Compact structure, easy and simple to use.
Before and after the test, clean the samples with appropriate cleaning solutions, ensuring the same operation method both times. It is recommended to use trichloroethane first, then methanol. The operation should be performed under ventilation or protective conditions.
After conditioning, weigh the sample mass (m;) using an analytical balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
Calculate the arithmetic mean of the wear scar width or volume wear and friction coefficient. If the standard deviation S is required, use formula (3):
Functional features: Sample dimensions: 30mm×7mm×6mm.
It can also measure the friction force, friction coefficient, and wear amount of samples during testing.
Equipped with washers 4GB48-76 and countersunk screws M3×0.35, 10 mm long. Ensure no axial movement after sample installation.
It is an essential testing equipment for various research institutions, universities, and enterprise laboratories.
Apply the load smoothly to the selected value.
The material of the ring in this test greatly affects the wear test results of plastic materials. Therefore, the ring used in this standard has the dimensions
Sample preparation: The thickness of the flexible graphite sheet for testing should be greater than 10 mm. Cut the test sheet into 200 mm×100 mm pieces for bonding.
Friction torque: 0–4N·m ±0.5%.
This machine uses a high-precision torque sensor and a 16-bit single-chip electronic processing system, making the instrument's test indicators highly accurate.
Very rough metal surfaces exhibit high friction coefficients because one surface must overcome the peaks of the other during sliding. However, very smooth metal surfaces have even higher friction coefficients due to increased actual contact area and stronger molecular interactions between surfaces.
Weight set: One 4KG weight and four 1KG weights, enabling weight stacking functionality.
Calculate the volume wear of the ring sample using formula (2).
F——Test load, kg; r———Ring radius, cm. Results are given to two significant figures.
Loading system: Applies normal force to the sample and measuring ring, accurate within 5%.
Total weight: Approximately 87 kg.
Sliding friction and wear tester features: This machine uses a high-precision torque sensor, an embedded central unit processing system CPU control, supports XP, Win7, Win8, Win10 systems. The software实时绘制显示扭矩-时间曲线、摩擦系数-时间曲线，绘制摩擦力、摩擦系数、磨损量等曲线变化，可设定试验次数，显示当前试验次数，设定时间及当前试验时间等多种功能；
Equipped with a color printer that can print精美的试验报告单 with curves, tabular data, and the name of the testing unit. Additionally, this instrument has an automatic fault alarm system that alerts both the software and the user simultaneously, protecting the instrument from part damage at the first sign of a problem. It is an essential testing equipment for various research institutions, universities, and enterprise laboratories.
This instrument integrates current intelligent circuit systems for control and is upgraded based on the functions of the old M-200 friction and wear tester. It features high measurement and control accuracy, easy operation, and is an ideal testing equipment for research institutes, quality inspection agencies, and laboratories.
Note: If the friction force fluctuates significantly, calculate the maximum and minimum values of the friction coefficient. J.2 Calculation of a set of test results.
Note: The test equipment recommended by this standard is the M-00 type abrasion tester.
Again, carefully remove oil stains from the sample and ring using solvents such as ethanol and acetone that do not react with the plastic. After this, do not touch the sample and ring surfaces with hands.
Test equipment transmission system: Used to drive the ring to rotate at a given speed, accurate within %. The radial runout of the shaft at the ring installation position should be less than 0.1 mm.
Gently wipe oil stains from the disk and sample surface with acetone.
After conditioning, weigh the sample mass (m;) using an analytical balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
Where: X——Measurement value of each sample;
Two 4Kg weights (one set spare), four standard friction rings (two spare).
Friction torque: 0–4N·m.
When two paired friction pairs are of the same metal or very similar metals, or two metals that can form a solid solution alloy, the friction is more severe. For example, the friction coefficient of a copper-copper friction pair can exceed 1.0, and that of an aluminum-iron friction pair can be greater than 0.8. Friction pairs composed of different metals or metals with low affinity have lower friction coefficients, such as an iron-silver friction pair with a friction coefficient of about 0.3.
The analytical balance used for weighing sample mass should have a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.